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CoDAS 2021To evaluate the association among dimensions of the hard palate according to the sexes, skin color, and periods of the mixed dentition and present reference parameters...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the association among dimensions of the hard palate according to the sexes, skin color, and periods of the mixed dentition and present reference parameters of normality for this stage of development.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study evaluated a representative sample of children between the ages of 7 and 13 years in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. The outcomes of the study were the dimensions of the palate: width measurements and depth. Sociodemographic characteristics and related oral measures were also assessed. Adjusted linear regression model were used to evaluate the effect of the predictor's variables on the dimensions of the hard palate in millimeters. The reference standards for the hard palate normality were presented in mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
A total of 569 children were evaluated. The hard palate dimensions were larger in the male sex and smaller in the first transitional period of mixed dentition. Skin color had an influence on the hard palate width at the level of the premolars, and the width measurements were smaller in white individuals. Posterior cross bite, Angle Class II and III malocclusions and non-nutritional sucking habits caused reduction in the hard palate width measurements.
CONCLUSION
Different dimensions of the hard palate are influenced by demographic variables such as sex, skin color, and mixed dentition period. Children of the female sex, white-skinned and in the first transition period of mixed dentition had smaller dimensions of the hard palate. Establishing normality reference standards in measurements of the palates guides the clinical practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Brazil; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentition, Mixed; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Palate, Hard
PubMed: 34705923
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212020291 -
Cureus Mar 2018Objective The anterior-lateral thigh (ALT) free flap is a flexible reconstructive option with fascia lata, fasciocutaneous, and musculocutaneous options. The objective...
Objective The anterior-lateral thigh (ALT) free flap is a flexible reconstructive option with fascia lata, fasciocutaneous, and musculocutaneous options. The objective of this study is to evaluate ALT fascia lata free flap reconstruction of isolated hard palate defects. Methods Retrospective chart review of all palate reconstructions with ALT free flap from 2008-2017 by a single surgeon, at a tertiary academic institution. Patients with defects limited to the hard palate were selected for review. Results Forty-eight patients were identified, of which 14 patients had limited palatal defects repaired with fascia lata free flaps and were selected for review. The average hospital stay for all patients was 2.8 days (range 1-4 days). Eighty-five percent of patients were started on an oral diet from post-operative day (POD) one. Ten of 14 were extubated at the end of the case, with four being extubated on POD one. One patient suffered donor site morbidity, which required intervention (one seroma requiring drainage). Two patients underwent minor palatal revisions with local tissue rearrangement for recurrent fistula. No patients suffered long-term velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) or dysphagia, and all reported normal nasal respiration. Conclusion The ALT fascia lata free flap is a versatile reconstructive option for hard palate defects, with minimal morbidity, short hospital stays, and excellent long-term results.
PubMed: 29805925
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2356 -
CoDAS Oct 2018Analyze the influence of gender and age on hard palate dimensions and verify the reference parameters available in the literature.
PURPOSE
Analyze the influence of gender and age on hard palate dimensions and verify the reference parameters available in the literature.
RESEARCH STRATEGIES
Two reviewers independently performed a search at the Cochrane Library, PubMed-Medline and Web of Knowledge databases using descriptors according to the syntax rules of each database.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Observational or experimental human studies evaluating the dimensions of the hard palate or maxillary dental arch, with at least one transverse, vertical or sagittal plane measurement, in normal occlusions or class I malocclusions, and comparisons of the dimensions between genders and/or ages.
DATA ANALYSIS
Descriptive analysis with the following subdivisions: design, sample, evaluation instruments, measurements in millimeters, and statistical analysis. Quality of the included studies was verified by the Newcastle - Ottawa Quality scale.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies were selected and 11 presented results for hard palate or maxillary dental arch dimensions according to gender, six in age and gender and one in age only.
CONCLUSION
The dimensions were larger in males and progressive increase in the measurements was observed from birth to the permanent dentition period.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Arch; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Middle Aged; Palate, Hard; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30379195
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20182017216 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Feb 2021BACKGROUND Neurofibromas are benign tumors of neurological origin caused by the proliferation of Schwann cells and fibroblasts; they often occur in the skin and nerves... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND Neurofibromas are benign tumors of neurological origin caused by the proliferation of Schwann cells and fibroblasts; they often occur in the skin and nerves as a symptom of von Recklinghausen disease. Solitary neurofibromas are also known to occur on their own, but solitary development in the hard palate is extremely rare and difficult to distinguish from schwannomas. The neural origin of solitary neurofibromas is also difficult to determine intraoperatively, and there have been no reports that clearly identify the neural origin of neurofibromas in the hard palate. CASE REPORT We report a case of a solitary neurofibroma originating in the hard palate in a 24-year-old woman. She presented to our department with a 1.2×0.8-cm dome-shaped left palate mass. After identification of the nerve at the source, the tumor was resected under general anesthesia. Histopathology was positive for S-100 and CD34 immunostaining, as well as for Alcian blue. Eventually, the mass was diagnosed as a neurofibroma. CONCLUSIONS Solitary neurofibromas originating in the hard palate are difficult to differentiate from other neoplastic lesions, especially schwannomas, based on clinical findings alone. Therefore, it is important to perform a biopsy and immunostaining of the biopsied specimens for S-100 and CD34. In neurofibromas, tumor cells are loose and delicate, often with wavy or serpentine nuclei, and S-100 protein-positive cells are sparser than in schwannomas. An overall pathological diagnosis should be made with regard to CD34, taking into account that schwannomas are CD34-negative and neurofibromas are CD34-positive.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Neurilemmoma; Neurofibroma; Neurofibromatosis 1; Palate, Hard; Young Adult
PubMed: 33617517
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.929674 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022Acquired midline palate defects (PDE) affect the hard palate and/or soft palate, and result from trauma, commonly falling from a height or being hit by a motor vehicle....
Acquired midline palate defects (PDE) affect the hard palate and/or soft palate, and result from trauma, commonly falling from a height or being hit by a motor vehicle. Additional life-threating injuries and costs associated with the treatment may delay the surgical treatment. This retrospective study describes signalment, cause, and extent of the PDE, and treatment in 25 cats. In addition, the outcome of the surgical repair is described in 19 (76%) cats. All defects were repaired within 5 days of the injury. Twenty (80%) cats were 4 years of age or younger. The most common rostral extent of the PDE was to the level of the third premolar tooth ( = 8; 32%), incisor teeth ( = 7; 28%), and fourth premolar tooth ( = 5; 20%). The soft palate laceration was present in all cases. Surgical therapy was successful in all cases with follow-up. The most common techniques used for the closure of the hard palate defect were bilateral pedicle flaps with lateral releasing incisions ( = 8; 32%), direct apposition of the oral mucosa ( = 7; 28%), bilateral pedicle flaps with lateral releasing incisions and interquadrant splinting ( = 5; 20%), and unilateral pedicle flap with one lateral releasing incision ( = 4; 16%). A tension-free closure by direct apposition of the edges was possible for the soft palate laceration. No oronasal fistulae were identified at follow-up. The only complication was malocclusion. The interquadrant splinting was most often used for PDE extending to the rostral portion of the hard palate ( < 0.05). The cats that suffered postoperative malocclusion were significantly more likely to have sustained temporomandibular joint injury, underwent CT scan, or had a feeding tube placed before discharge. The results of this retrospective study indicate that the early treatment (within 5 days) of the acquired longitudinal defects in the midline of the hard and soft palates is highly successful.
PubMed: 35859806
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.922047 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2021Neurofibromas are defined as benign tumours arising from peripheral nerve sheaths. Few intraoral palatal cases have been reported. Neurofibromas can occur as part of...
Neurofibromas are defined as benign tumours arising from peripheral nerve sheaths. Few intraoral palatal cases have been reported. Neurofibromas can occur as part of neurofibromatosis, type 1 (NF1) or type 2 (NF2). A 41-year-old patient presented with a slowly enlarging soft tissue mass on the hard palate. An incisional biopsy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of a neurofibroma associated with NF1. It should be considered that there is a chance of malignant transformation. Here, we discuss the clinical features, types, diagnosis, histopathology and treatment options.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Neurofibroma; Neurofibromatosis 1; Palate, Hard
PubMed: 33827870
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239887 -
The Journal of Comparative Neurology Aug 2021The oral somatosensory system relays essential information about mechanical stimuli to enable oral functions such as feeding and speech. The neurochemical and anatomical...
The oral somatosensory system relays essential information about mechanical stimuli to enable oral functions such as feeding and speech. The neurochemical and anatomical diversity of sensory neurons across oral cavity sites have not been systematically compared. To address this gap, we analyzed healthy human tongue and hard-palate innervation. Biopsies were collected from 12 volunteers and underwent fluorescent immunohistochemistry (≥2 specimens per marker/structure). Afferents were analyzed for markers of neurons (βIII tubulin), myelinated afferents (neurofilament heavy, NFH), and Merkel cells and taste cells (keratin 20, K20). Hard-palate innervation included Meissner corpuscles, glomerular endings, Merkel cell-neurite complexes, and free nerve endings. The organization of these somatosensory endings is reminiscent of fingertips, suggesting that the hard palate is equipped with a rich repertoire of sensory neurons for pressure sensing and spatial localization of mechanical inputs, which are essential for speech production and feeding. Likewise, the tongue is innervated by afferents that impart it with exquisite acuity and detection of moving stimuli that support flavor construction and speech. Filiform papillae contained end bulbs of Krause, as well as endings that have not been previously reported, including subepithelial neuronal densities, and NFH+ neurons innervating basal epithelia. Fungiform papillae had Meissner corpuscles and densities of NFH+ intraepithelial neurons surrounding taste buds. The differing compositions of sensory endings within filiform and fungiform papillae suggest that these structures have distinct roles in mechanosensation. Collectively, this study has identified previously undescribed neuronal endings in human oral tissues and provides an anatomical framework for understanding oral mechanosensory functions.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Mechanoreceptors; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Middle Aged; Palate, Hard; Sensory Receptor Cells; Taste Buds; Tongue
PubMed: 33786834
DOI: 10.1002/cne.25148 -
Journal of Radiology Case Reports 2009Median palatine cysts are rare, non-odontogenic fissural cysts of the hard palate. These cysts occur in the midline of the hard palate, behind the incisive canal. Only...
Median palatine cysts are rare, non-odontogenic fissural cysts of the hard palate. These cysts occur in the midline of the hard palate, behind the incisive canal. Only two case reports have documented these cysts on multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), neither giving detailed descriptions of the cysts. Knowledge of their existence is important and should not be confused with malignant tumors. We present the first case describing the MDCT characteristics of the median palatine cyst.
PubMed: 22470670
DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v3i7.269 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2022Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal tumor accounting for less than 2% of soft tissue tumors and has variable clinical behavior. It can arise in many anatomical... (Review)
Review
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal tumor accounting for less than 2% of soft tissue tumors and has variable clinical behavior. It can arise in many anatomical locations of the body and in rare occasions in the oral cavity mostly in buccal mucosa and tongue. To date, a handful of such cases have been reported in the hard palate. We present a case of SFT in the hard palate of a 32-year-old man and describe the tissue morphology, immunohistochemistry workup, and follow-up together with literature review.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Palate, Hard; Solitary Fibrous Tumors; Tongue; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 36546664
DOI: 10.1177/23247096221142275 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Although the cleft palate is regarded as a contraindication for Eustachian tube ballooning, the presence of submucosal cleft palate may be overlooked while diagnosing...
Although the cleft palate is regarded as a contraindication for Eustachian tube ballooning, the presence of submucosal cleft palate may be overlooked while diagnosing Eustachian tube dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence of the presence of a hard palate bony notch and vomer defect, which indicate the presence of submucosal cleft palate in patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction. In the Eustachian tube dysfunction group (n = 28), 4 patients (14.3%) exhibited a hard palate bony notch and a concurrent vomer defect. Three of them exhibited the presence of occult submucosal cleft palate, which had not been diagnosed previously. None of the control group (n = 39) showed any of these findings. The hard palate length of patients in the Eustachian tube dysfunction group was significantly lesser than that of those in the control group (34.2 ± 5.6 mm vs. 37.2 ± 2.1 mm, P = 0.016). Patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction have a high incidence of submucosal cleft palate and its occult variant, which are challenging to diagnose without any preexisting suspicion. Clinicians should evaluate the hard palate and vomer to exclude the presence of occult submucosal cleft palate while diagnosing Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Topics: Cleft Palate; Ear Diseases; Eustachian Tube; Humans; Incidence; Palate, Hard; Vomer
PubMed: 35710691
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14011-5